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The town of Amana, Iowa operated as a communal culture for 89 years. Many of the settlers were immigrant who had actually left Germany in 1842 and came come Iowa in 1855.

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As 19th century America grew larger, richer, and an ext diverse, the was also trying to achieve a society that to be distinct and also not imitative of any type of in Europe. At the same time, the thirst because that individual development had local communities creating debating clubs, library societies, and also literary associations because that the objective of share interesting and provocative ideas. Maybe, civilization speculated, if any culture were fully reorganized, it could be regenerated and, ultimately, perfected. Utopia, initially a Greek word for an imaginary ar where everyone and also everything is perfect, to be sought in America v the production of model neighborhoods within the greater society.


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The Shakers believed in celibacy in and also outside that wedlock, as such Shaker children were normally orphans given to the church.
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Most of the original utopias were developed for spiritual purposes. Among the earliest to be devised by George Rapp, a German zealot, who took 600 pendant to western Pennsylvania in 1804. Using shared funds to purchase land, the Rappites produced a commune where they isolated us from others while wait for the Revelation. Due to the fact that of their excessive views top top sex and marriage, and also their strict, literal interpretation of the Bible, they failed to spread out goodwill or obtain converts. More hospitable to their neighbors and also able to attract about 6,000 members by the 1830s, twenty successful Shaker communities flourished. They adhered to the ethics of simplicity, celibacy, common property, equal labor and also reward espoused by your founder mom Ann Lee.

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The co-founder of Brook farm tried to develop a culture of equality for its members.
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